In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium-high heat. Season the chicken breasts with salt and pepper, then add them to the skillet. Cook for about 6-7 minutes on each side, or until golden brown and cooked through. Remove the chicken from the skillet and set aside.
In the same skillet, add the diced onion and sauté for about 3-4 minutes until softened. Add the minced garlic and cook for an additional 1 minute until fragrant.
Pour in the white wine, scraping the bottom of the skillet to deglaze. Allow the wine to simmer for about 5 minutes, reducing slightly.
Stir in the artichoke hearts, heavy cream, dried thyme, and lemon juice. Bring the mixture to a gentle simmer and cook for another 3-4 minutes until slightly thickened.
Add the grated Parmesan cheese to the skillet, stirring until melted and well combined. Return the cooked chicken to the skillet, spooning the sauce over the top. Cook for an additional 2-3 minutes to heat through.
Serve the chicken hot, garnished with fresh parsley.