In a large pot, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the diced onion and sauté for about 5 minutes, until translucent.
Stir in the minced garlic, ground cumin, and smoked paprika. Cook for an additional 1-2 minutes until fragrant.
Add the gochujang, soy sauce, diced tomatoes (with juices), and vegetable broth to the pot. Stir well to combine.
Bring the mixture to a simmer, then add the rinsed cannellini beans. Allow to cook for about 15-20 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Season with salt and pepper to taste. If desired, adjust the spice level by adding more gochujang.
Serve hot, garnished with fresh cilantro and lime wedges on the side.